The presence of iprgcs were first noted in 1923 when rodless, coneless mice still responded to a light stimulus. In the present study, the activities of chicks retinal ganglion cells were recorded using a multichannel recording system, and the visual stimulus was carefully defined to study the information transmission rate of ganglion cells during contrast adaptation, using the welldeveloped direct information measure method. Decoding visual information from a population of retinal ganglion cells. The role of correlated activity stefano panzeri, gianni pola, and rasmus s. Among these, the population with the smallest and densest receptive fields encodes the neural image with highest resolution. Information transmission rate changes of retinal ganglion cells during contrast adaptation. Our finding that ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders is thus significant from a practical, as well as scientific, point of viewit indicates that the problem of decoding. Using simultaneous recordings from a population of directionselective retinal ganglion cells, we demonstrate that coding benefits from noise correlations. Axon collaterals branches of the retinal ganglion cells project to the midbrain, where they participate in neural circuits that govern constriction of the pupils. Representations comprised of statistically independent latent factors differ from ones with minimal synergy. Neural coding properties based on spike timing and pattern correlation of retinal ganglion cells hanyan gong, yingying zhang, peiji liang, and puming zhang school of life sciences and biotechnology, shanghai jiao tong university, 800 dongchuan road, 200240 shanghai, china. Thats one of the unique things about this work, he said. Directionally selective retinal ganglion cells suppress.
Read retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders. Axon collaterals branches of the retinal ganglion cells project to the midbrain, where they participate in neural circuits that govern constriction of the pupils in response to light and coordination of head and eye movements. Here, we substantiate this connection and propose a refined theoretical picture. In their recent paper retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders, nirenberg et al1 analyze how pairs of retinal ganglion cells encode the visual stimulus by their firing patterns. The importance of this correlated firing for encoding visual information is unclear and controversial. Opponentprocess coding at the level of the retinal ganglion cell the threecolor code gets translated into an opponentcolor system. Fine spatial information represented in a population of retinal ganglion cells. Moreover, using the discovery that a linear construction of stimuli was equally effective as neural network stimulus reconstruction, vision was restored to blind mice using prosthetics 4. Jun 28, 2018 injectable electronics offer powerful new tool in understanding how retinal cells work date. Low this article has been rated as lowimportance on the importance.
The interplay of predictive coding and adaptation, journal of neurophysiology, 1036. C this article has been rated as cclass on the quality scale. Retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders. Its particularly important in the field of vision science and prosthetics since modern prosthetics can allow one to perceive spots of light and sharply contrasted. Full text of quantifying synergistic mutual information.
Oct 19, 2016 directionally selective ds ganglion cells of the retina report the direction of motion by spiking robustly to movement of an object in one direction preferred and sparsely to movement of the. Sep 04, 2012 the retina reports the visual scene to the brain through many parallel channels, each carried by a distinct population of retinal ganglion cells. The effect is appreciable already in small populations, yet it is a collective phenomenon. Glaucoma causes blindness by destroying retinal ganglion cells rgcs, the output nerve cells of the retina, which are not replaced. Nirenberg s, carcieri sm, jacobs al, latham pe 2001 retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders. The importance of this correlated firing for encoding visual information is unclear and controversial1,2,3,4,5. Messages are in the form of spike patterns, and the number of possible patterns per second sets the coding capacity. Devries sh, baylor da 1997 mosaic arrangement of ganglion cell receptive fields in rabbit retina. Retinal coding of visual scenes repetitive and redundant. This article is within the scope of wikiproject physiology, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of physiology on wikipedia. A certain ganglion cell receives a combination of excitatory and inhibitory inputs from many presynaptic neurons, where the inputs can be represented as the average response from ontype and off.
Retinal ganglion cells opponent process coding at the. Nov 01, 2014 retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders. Efficiency of information transmission by retinal ganglion. In addition, retinal ganglionic cells were found to be independent encoders as well as correlational encoders. Greg ver steeg, rob brekelmans, hrayr harutyunyan, and. Retinal coding of visual scenes repetitive and redundant too. Linear decoder analysis applied to multineuronal records of. Z 2 to be iid random variables taking binary values with probability half, and x z 1 z 2. Different circuits for on and off retinal ganglion cells cause different contrast sensitivities kareem a. The flaum eye institute has a large effort aimed at developing new ideas about how glaucoma can be diagnosed and treated. A formula for human retinal ganglion cell receptive field density as a function of visual field location andrew b.
Computational methods have recently been applied to this fundamental question and have found, both in the somatosensory and visual system, that the basic unit of information transmission is the timing of individual spikes. Retinal coding is a subsection of population coding, the process of how stimulus information is represented in the neuronal level, specifically how visual information color, shape, depth etc is encoded through ganglionic cells. On and off pathways of ganglion cells in the salamander retina. Thus, the retina contains two kinds of colorsensitive ganglion cells. We show that while the power spectrum of ganglion cells decays less steeply than that of natural scenes, it is not completely.
How is sensory information encoded by the patterns of action potentials emitted by ensembles of neurons. Decoding visual information from a population of retinal. Retinal ganglion cells opponent process coding the three. Different circuits for on and off retinal ganglion cells. Injectable electronics offer powerful new tool in understanding how retinal cells work date. Molecular control of retinal ganglion cell specification. Retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders article in nature 4116838. Jun 28, 2018 the ability to inject the mesh was a key to the development of the system to monitor retinal ganglion cells, lieber said. Investigative ophthalmology and visual science, 57 8, 37933802. When the stimulus direction is close to the tuning preference of a given neuron, it is also monitored by the two other neurons. Longterm protection of retinal ganglion cells and visual. The most numerous ganglion cell type of the mouse retina is a.
If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. Jul 01, 20 glaucoma causes blindness by destroying retinal ganglion cells rgcs, the output nerve cells of the retina, which are not replaced. Williams pl, beer rd 2010 nonnegative decomposition of. This indicates that ganglion cells act largely independently to encode. Neural coding properties based on spike timing and pattern. A laboratory in rhode island is labelling retinal ganglion cells by retrograde transport from the brain. The beststudied retinal ganglion cells are termed brisk, because they fire at short latencies and high rates. Consider the classic example of the xor gate, where we take z 1. Brisk cells have been thoroughly studied, because in addition to their. Retinal ganglion cells opponent process coding at the level. Receptive field vectors of geneticallyidentified retinal.
Correlation between neural spike trains increases with firing retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders. Retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders, nature, vol 411. Demb1 departments of 1neuroscience and 2bioengineering, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, pennsylvania 191046058 the theory of parallel pathways predicts that, except for a sign reversal, on and off ganglion cells are driven by a. They extracted rats retinal ganglion cellswhich ferry image information from the eyes rods and cones to other regions of the brainand inserted channelrhodopsin2 chrh2, one of the. Among these, the population with the smallest and densest receptive. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells iprgcs, also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells prgc, or melanopsincontaining retinal ganglion cells mrgcs, are a type of neuron in the retina of the mammalian eye. Lathamretinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer loss.
By s nirenberg, sm carcieri, al jacobs and p latham. Contrast adaptation begins in retinal bipolar cells. Demb1 departments of 1neuroscience and 2bioengineering, university of pennsylvania, philadelphia, pennsylvania 191046058. The presence of iprgcs were first noted in 1923 when rodless, coneless mice still responded to a light stimulus through pupil constriction, suggesting that rods. Molecular control of retinal ganglion cell specification and differentiation. Ganglion cell firing patterns are generated in response to a stimulus using a set of encoders, interfaces, and transducers, where each transducer targets a single cell or a small number of cells. This indicates that ganglion cells act largely independently to encode information, which greatly simplifies the problem of decoding their activity. The directionselective ganglion cells dsgcs and orientationselective ganglion cells osgcs encode the directional and the orientational information of a moving object, respectively.
The invention provides a retinal prosthetic method and device that mimics the responses of the retina to a broad range of stimuli, including natural stimuli. Efficiency of information transmission by retinal ganglion cells. Cell therapy for retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells wikipedia.
In this paper, the relationship between spike timing correlation and pattern correlation is discussed, and their ability to represent stimulus features is compared to examine their coding strategies not only in individual neurons but also in population. Numerous studies have shown that retinal ganglion cells exhibit an array of responses to visual stimuli. Request pdf retinal ganglion cells act largely as independent encoders correlated firing among neurons is widespread in the visual system. The most numerous ganglion cell type of the mouse retina. Correlation between spike trains or neurons sometimes indicates certain neural coding rules in the visual system. In some cases, the replacements will be cultured to form rgcs. This has led to the idea that these cells can be sorted into distinct. I removed the following sentence which i think was offtopic could be added to ganglion cell instead, maybe. Subtypedependent postnatal development of direction and. Longterm protection of retinal ganglion cells and visual function by brainderived neurotrophic factor in mice with ocular hypertension. By mengqing xiang, haisong jiang, kangxin jin and feng qiu.
Opponentprocess codingthe threecolour code gets translated into an opponentcolor system at the retinal ganglion level. Different types of retinal ganglion cells convey different messages to the brain. A formula for human retinal ganglion cell receptive field. The ability to inject the mesh was a key to the development of the system to monitor retinal ganglion cells, lieber said. Multiple ganglion cell spike visual system, questions regarding the neural code can be trains were recorded simultaneously from the isolated retina of the phrased and answered particularly precisely for the followtiger salamander using a.
The response of a ganglion cell incorporate the signal processing in the inner retinal circuitry and at the ganglion cell level. The retina reports the visual scene to the brain through many parallel channels, each carried by a distinct population of retinal ganglion cells. Information transmission rate changes of retinal ganglion. We present the retina with natural stimuli and record the. In human retina, and those of cat and macaque, these highresolution ganglion cells act as generic pixel encoders. The findings are largely inconsis lectrode array study examined responses to spatially tent with uniqueness and suggest that there is con uniform flicker and found that with this highly strucsiderable overlap in ganglion cells visual messages. Response dynamics of bullfrog onoff rgcs to different. Prior work had shown that nearby ganglion cells have a strong tendency to fire in near synchrony2,3. For independent neurons blue curves, the percent improvement is constant and vanishing. Glaucoma research glaucoma is a diverse group of blinding diseases whose unifying characteristic is that they kill the output neuron of the retina, the retinal ganglion cells rgcs. Directionally selective ds ganglion cells of the retina report the direction of motion by spiking robustly to movement of an object in one direction preferred and sparsely to movement of the. Organotypic culture of physiologically functional adult. Neighbouring neurons, in areas from retina to cortex. The most numerous subclass, the midget retinal ganglion cells, are believed to underlie.
Structures of neural correlation and how they favor coding. On and off pathways of ganglion cells in the salamander. Linear decoder analysis applied to multineuronal records. Intracellular anions as the voltage sensor of prestin, the outer hair cell motor protein. Correlated firing among neurons is widespread in the visual system.
446 655 1386 680 573 115 813 36 671 74 430 619 10 587 1398 312 1475 790 1328 128 468 1539 559 1368 103 1093 725 169 1230 1057 124